国際理論研究におけるパワー概念の「アメリカ的受容」(4) : その意義(真柄欽次教授山田政美教授大野浩教授松岡紘一教授ロード・バーナード教授退職記年号)
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This is the fourth and the final installment of a series of papers with which I aim to clarify the peculiarity of the American acceptance of power concept in the study of international theory. In my previous three papers, I attempted an interpretation that the concept of power had been awakened and accepted in the American international theory during the interwar period, especially between the late 1930s and the early 1940s, and I identified the dynamics of power controversies from the standpoint of their divergence and convergence. As a result, I could extract conclusions that the characteristics of the American acceptance of power concept, which can be said as a certain consensus among participants of the controversies, were as follows : 1) the consciousness of the ubiquity, necessity, and inevitability of power politics ; 2) the awareness of the leading role of a government as an important actor in exercising power or ensuring of national security ; 3) the treating of power as an instrument of foreign policy for advocating and enhancing American values or interests, such as freedom, democracy and so on ; 4) the emergence of consensus-building to use American power for stabilizing international society in the light of fulfilling responsibility as a great power ; 5) the requesting of selective commitment to power politics after deliberation upon American security, setting aside the question of security policies or measures. This concluding paper contemplates the significance and implications of the above-stated facts under the following five topics : 1) the American acceptance of power concept was mainly inspired by the advocates of continental European thought of power politics ; 2) the American acceptance of power concept became a drive of the emergence of American realism, principal components of which are the former three characteristics as mentioned above ; 3) the American acceptance of power, through the process of power controversies, accelerated the awakening of American conservatism, characterized by recognizing American traditions, orders, virtues, or values as matters worth being inherited ; 4) power controversies coincided with the appearance of the controversy between national security and collective security ; 5) these controversies created the schools of thought, fine examples of which are the Chicago school and the Yale-Princeton school. What has to be noticed is that these schools of thought took the initiative of various controversies. Finally, the American acceptance of power concept has the following timeless relevancy : 1) recurrence of the same or similar points of controversy ; 2) its continuous characteristics of liberal tradition, of emphasizing a word of democracy or freedom while exercising power, and of treating power pragmatically as an instrument of foreign policy ; 3) continuous persistence of the legend of the school, for example, as shown in the Yale-Princeton school as the mainstream of American realism.
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