下肢伸展機構に関する人間工学的ならびに筋電図学的研究

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One of the most important role of the lower limb is to support the whole body in many activities of daily living. This supporting mechanism called "pulsion" is the motion of the lower limb which is composed of the hip extension and the knee extension in closed kinetic chain. To know the detail of pulsion, we measured this force and other segmental force of the hip and the knee ergonomically, and observed the muscular activities of the hip and the knee during pulsion and segmental motion electromyographically. Following results were obtained. 1. Pulsion with maximal effort produced the minimal force, in the fairly flexed position, which became greater with extending the lower limb, until! the maximal force (113±24 kg in female and 155±48 kg in male) was recorded at the knee 30° flexed and then decrement of the force was shown in more extended position. 2. It was supposed that the pulsion force was composed of the hip and the knee extension moment, from both experimental and analytical stand point. 3. The adductor longus muscle, the gluteus maximus muscle, the vastus medialis muscle, the vastus lateralis muscle, the rectus femoris muscle, the tensor fasciae latae muscle and the gluteus medius muscle showed much activity in any phase of pulsion. From the activity patterns of these muscles during pulsion with maximal effort and constant effort, in six different lower limb positions, three types of muscles on the role in pulsion were classified : that is, position dependent (adductor longus muscle, gluteus maximus muscle, vastus medialis muscle, vastus lateralis muscle and rectus femoris muscle), which showed more activity in the flexed position than in the extended, force dependent (tensor fasciae latae muscle), which showed the same activity level in all positions during constant pulsion and showed activity increment accompanying with force increment, and intermediate (gluteus medius muscle). 4. In some muscles, activities in pulsion were different from those in the segmental hip extension and knee extension, even in the same limb position. This conversion in the role of the muscle was found in the tensor fasciae latae muscle, the rectus femoris muscle and the hamstring muscles, those were due to the two-joint muscle, and in the adductor longus muscle, that was rounded up for the inhibitted hamstring muscles. 5. Maximal pulsion was restricted by the maximal activities of the hip and the knee extensors in the fairly flexed position, but not in the extended. There must be the other factors to limit the maximal pulsion in extended position where the muscles have a great reserve. 6. From the stand-point of muscular energy expenditure, activities of daily living will be performed more economically in the standing, like level walking, than in the squatting position.
神戸大学の論文

下肢伸展機構に関する人間工学的ならびに筋電図学的研究

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