清末句容県の墾牧公司と農民暴動(近代中国の経済と社会,共同研究)

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In JuRong xian where the population and agricultural land had reduced greatly through Taiping-tianguo, a lot of barrenland was developed by immigrants from northern JiangSu sheng and other provinces. Yet there was a vast amount of barren land in Ju Rong xian. The establishment of a succession of Reclamation and Stock-Raising companies in the early 20th century was promoted against the background of the development of the nationalist movement in that period. Since 1908 there had been two limited companies: Fulu and Fangmagang which were run with the capital from rural gentry and merchants, and were aimed at promoting the development of the barren land with labor employed in JuRong xian. There were no particular objections by the peasants to the establishment of these two companies, but these companies made proper payments according to the customs of this area when they bought up privately-owned barren land, so there were no great problems. However, the Reclamation and Stock-Raising companies established since 1910 of which there were said to be as many as 16, bought up the privately-owned barren land through the local authority of that area and payments were either ignored or only partly made. The buying up of large tracts of land in the mountain areas by the companies immediately began to have an adverse effect on the reproduction activities of the peasants, and difficulties often arose over stock-raising and obtaining kindling. Then against this background of injustices, the demand was made to release the food stock-piles during the floods along the Yangtze river in 1911, and misappropriation of food by the rural gentries in charge of the local autonomous bodies aroused the wrath of the peasants against the Reclamation and Stock-Raising companies and the local authorities. The peasant riot which started on August 8 was both organized and large-scale centering around the Hezhuang miao of the east village, with over 50,000 peasants. The rioters who attacked main city of the JuRong xian, the local authorities and the director of the industrial promotion bureau, were very orderly to the point that they destroyed building but there was no pillaging. This was because the intention of the riot was to serve as a warning to officials that injustices had been perpetrated. However, the governor who was afraid of the peasants gaining power, released imprisoned criminals and many members of a secret society who joined in the rioting. This is when it became a real riot with looting, not only of the Reclamation and Stock-Raising companies and the village chiefs that were the legitimate target of the peasants' animosity, but also the schools built by the misappropriation of stock-piled food, the Roman Catholic and Christian churches, and even ordinary stores. So the rioting developed into a full-blown incident involving the entire prefecture. The peasants who had no alternative but to riot instigated too great disasters, but there was injustice on the part of the local autonomous bodies and the officials that even surpassed these disasters. Meanwhile, the peasants were maneuvering towards a compromise, so that in fact they suffered no subsequent oppression, nor were the leaders persecuted. The Reclamation and Stock-Raising companies had virtually stopped operating since the start of the rioting, and most of the companies in the process of being established disappeared, so that only four companies remained in the Republican period. This was because the governor issued a mediation plan in which the priority on land reclamation was given to the peasants while the companies could reclaim the remaining land.
日本大学の論文
1987-03-20

著者

小島淑男
日本大学経済学部

清末句容県の墾牧公司と農民暴動(近代中国の経済と社会,共同研究)

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