Geochemical Aspect of Chemolithoautotrophic Bacterial Activity in the Role of Black Shale Hosted Mn Mineralization, Jurassic Age, Hungary, Europe(Clay-Biology Interface,Proceedings of the 13^<th> International Clay Conference)

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The black shale-hosted URKUT Mn-mineralization is among the 10 largest deposits in the World. In this study optical and electron microscopy demonstrated the biological formation of Mn-Fe minerals in Mn-carbonate ores. The ED-XRF elemental content maps and SEM-EDX observation of the ores showed distribution of Mn, Fe, and Si banded layer structure whereas the Mg, Al, and K are randomly distributed, as well as to explain the role of microorganisms associated with Ca and P. In both samples abundant microorganisms were found in the dark brown and white layers. Optical micrographs of thin sections clearly showed various shapes of cellular materials, such as spherule, oval, and filamentous morphologies. SEM-EDX observation revealed Fe-rich and P-Ca components around microorganisms showing spherule, tubular, and filamentous cells. The present investigation strongly suggests that the Mn-Fe and Si minerals were associated with microorganisms as a biological organic product. The identity of the bacteria responsible for Mn mineral formation is unknown, but is tentatively assigned to Mn and Fe bacteria on the basis of morphology. The genesis of rocks and minerals have played a pivotal role in Toarcian age, and they may even have acted as life genetic system.
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