Proof for Bio-sedimentation in Carajas's BIF (シンポジウム〔土壌生成における微生物の役割〕)

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概要

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• Microbial structure in the form of banded zebra patterns have been found as periodic Si and Fe layers in Banded Iron Formation(BIF) in Carajas, Brazil (2750-2740 Ma). Microscopic observation, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence(ED-XRF) and the EPMA analyses show that Si-rich layers, construct zebra architecture associated with significant carbon (0.087%), while the Fe-rich layers of the matrix have less carbon. The Si rich layer in the quartz with carbon revealed presence of abundance spherules, 10μm in diameter, whereas the Fe-rich matrixes in hematite have less carbon component. The TEM observation of powder samples of Si-rich layer revealed presence of lower ? high crystalline graphite in preserved cell wall, suggesting Si-Carbon bio-mineralization on/in the cells. Raman analytical results suggesting the biological processes form the elemental zebra pattern, with periodic distribution of bacterial cells with Si-Carbon. The Raman spectrometer indicated that carbon remain in quartz domain, as C-H chemical bonding, but less carbon (C-H) in hematite domain, while the carbon is amorphous statue to compare with graphite crystal. The FT-IR, XRD, and CNS elemental data agree with the Raman and microscopic results. Microorganisms are sometimes mineralized under Fe-saturated seawater from hydrothermal vents of sea volcano. The microorganisms may then mature to form a stratified Si-Fe formation through Si-biomineralization. In this paper proof of bio-sedimentation have shown in the Carajas BIF zebra architecture forms under aerobic conditions in a high temperature shallow-water and strong acidic environment, in contrast to the intermittent oxidizing and reducing conditions in which deep-sea analogues develop. However, the major processes of BIF formation are considered to be biochemical, largely depending on high microbial activity in the sea and sea floor sediments.

• 日本ペドロジー学会の論文
• 2005-12-31

著者

• OKUNO Masayuki

  Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University

• Okuno Masayuki

  Department Of Earth Sciences Faculty Of Science Kanazawa University

• FYFE William

  Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Ontario

• Fyfe William

  Department Of Earth Sciences Faculty Of Science The University Of Western Ontario

• Tazaki Kazue

  Department Of Earth Science Kanazawa University

• OKUNO Masayuki

  Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University

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