Tense, Subject, and Derivation
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概要
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The central issue of this study is the semantics and the syntax of temporal interpretations of the clausal complement of a verb. Based mainly on English examples, theories of tense hitherto have distinguished three types of the complement-clause-tense interpretation: simultaneous, past-shifted, and double-access. In the simultaneous construal, the denotation of embedded clause tense (‖Te‖) overlaps with the denotation of matrix clause tense (‖Tm‖). In past-shifted, ‖Te‖ precedes ‖Tm‖. In double-access, ‖Te‖ overlaps with both ‖Tm‖ and the utterance time (‖UT‖). A consideration of Japanese examples adds two more: past-double-access and triple-access. Past-double-access is a combination of simultaneous and past-shifted, i.e. ‖Te‖ includes both ‖Tm‖ and some prior time (‖PT‖). Triple-access is a combination of past-shifted and double-access, i.e. ‖Te‖ includes ‖PT‖, ‖Tm‖, and ‖UT‖. This article will attempt to answer the following questions: (i) Why is past-shifted more marked than simultaneous in English?; (ii) Why is past-shifted natural in Japanese?; (iii) How are the multiple-accesses explained?; (iv) Why does English lack past-double access and triple-access?; (v) Why is simultaneous possible in Japanese only when the embedded clause tense is nonpast?; and (vi) Why does stativity matter with simultaneous and multiple-accesses in both languages? We adopt a hypothesis in which temporal-argument phrases of the functional category T^0 interact with various principles and constraints of the generative grammar that have been found to motivate independent phenomena other than tense. [Areas of interest: semantics, syntax]
- 桃山学院大学の論文
- 1997-09-30
著者
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