La formation d'optique ondulatoire chez A. Fresnel

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In 1915, A Fresnel attained, the principle of interference during his researches concerning, the diffraction of light, and one year later he succeeded in explaining the chromatic polarization by his wave theory. Though T. Young preceded him, it was Fresnel who confirmed the chromatic polarization on the basis of the experimental fact that two beams of light polarized in contrary sense (en. sens, contraire) do not interfere with each other. At that time he also examined a hypothesis of the transversality of the polarized light, at the suggestion of M. Ampere, though he finally abandoned it. Fresnel was frequently embarrassed by the phase changes produced between two interfering rays. His most important research on the formation of his transversal wave theory of light was that on the modifications of the polarized light by reflection, particularly by total reflection in the glass, and he would present it to the Academy, at the end of 1817. In fact, in the supplement to this memoir, which was presented to the Academy on January in 1818, Fresnel sustaining yet the longitudinal wave theory of light, virtually composed and decomposed the polarized light as if it had been transversal waves. It was in June, 1821 that Fresnel declared explicitly that the light should be transversal waves of ether.
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