歐米燃料界の諸相(昭和五年十一月八日、動力會議出席者歸朝歡迎會席上講演)

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From impressions gained during his short visit to Germany in the summer of this year, the author made the following observations : -It can not be overlooked that most of the coal mined in Germany is washed before being put on the market. 70% in the Ruhr District and more than 50% of all the coal consumed in Germany is washed, while less than 25% in England and 10% in the United States is washed. The wet, as well as the pneumatic dressing methods are everywhere in use and they are, even now, being constantly improved. This is chiefly due to the requirements of the coal gas and coke industries, which have made such great developments since the World War. Narrow coke ovens are fairly well installed and a higher heating rate than previously is now the common practice, which increases the producing capacity of ovens per unit space of battery, and is making a great change in the operations of coke ovens and the specification of coal to be used. Fundamental research on the washing and dressing of coal has, therefore, been commenced in a new direction of separating coal into its special components. An increase in the consumption of brown coal is also to be noted. Recent statistics show that 175 mill. tons of brown coal, against 160 mill. tons of coal were used during the year 1929; the latter figures include the coal exported. Having regard to the well-developed carbonisation industry of coal, it may not be understood that most of the brown coal was consumed under boilers, as the same has been already pretty well established in Germany. The large consumption of brown coal is attributable to the recent development of gigantic power stations. The production of brown coal tar, however, is also progressing on the one hand, and many new systems of retorts are being tested by well-known firms. The hydrogenation of brown coal tar, on the other hand, is successfully proceeding by the I.G. Farbenindustrie. The carbonisation of brown coal will, therefore come very shortly and no more raw material will be used in those power stations. Direct hydrogenation of coal is not yet an established fact on an industrial scale, but brown coal tar is at present treated with hydrogen under a high pressure, and a certain amount of motor fuel is being sold mixed with ordinary gasoline. The plants at Leuna of the I.G., as it has often been reported in the newspapers, is working under the two-stage system, namely, a mixture of brown coal and its tar is primarily hydrogenated and the product is subsequently applied to the same treatment. The future of this system has often been discussed by oil experts, and most of them are of the opinion that it might not be suitable for the existing cracking methods. It can not, however, be said that the process aims at the making of gasoline alone, for it produces lubricating oil as well. The compulsory use of alcohol mixed with gasoline for automobile fuel, which has been in force since this summer, is not chiefly due to the commercial policy of minimising gasoline importation, but to the national policy of protecting the alcohol industry in Germany, at the price of it has been gradually falling. In one section of the World Power Conference held in Berlin, a discussion was invited on the problem of economical elimination of poisonous components in coal gas. The author made a few remarks at this Meeting and explained the conditions in Japan, where certain components, such as sulphur and ammonia, which leave detrimental products after combustion, are legally limited. It was found after the conference, that there is a proposal for replacing coal gas with a mixture of methane and hydrogen for domestic purposes and of carbon oxide and hydrogen for industrial uses. This idea may have been started from the well-known process of gassification with enriched oxygen and steam, where carbon oxide and hydrogen are the main products, and the former can be converted into methane. This scheme for the manufacture of city gas is, therefore, being fairly seriously considered by many leading gas chemists.
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会の論文
1930-12-20

著者

大島義清
東京帝國大學

歐米燃料界の諸相(昭和五年十一月八日、動力會議出席者歸朝歡迎會席上講演)

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