酸素電極による光合成・呼吸測定法の検討とその除草剤作用検定への利用

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The photosynthesis and respiration of leaf discs with oxygen electrode (Rank Brothers Inc., England) were investigated in relation to the size and the number of discs prepared from fully developing-top leaf blade in several plant species. At the same time, the effects of some herbicides to the photosynthesis and respiration were also examined. The following results were obtained: 1. The similar rates of apparent photosynthesis (μmole O_2/dm^2/hr) were obtained with the discs of 1.5mm (1.76mm^2) to 6.0mm (28.26mm^2) diameter in size. The relative rates of photosynthesis inhibition by herbicides (atrazine and DCMU) also showed the similar values in each other within the limits of disc size mentioned above (Table 1.). However the number of discs in each size affected the photosynthesis and respiration. That is, the rate of photosynthesis and respiration decreased when the number of leaf disc sample was applied more than 20 discs (total leaf area's 141.3mm^2 in the case of 3.0mm diameter in size) (Fig. 1.). 2. When the leaf discs were incubated in the same buffer solution (50mM Hepes with O. 5mM CaSO_4, at pH 7.2) as for measuring photosynthesis under the continuous light condition (about 6,000lux) at 26℃, the remarkable time-dependent changes of photosynthesis and of chlorophyll (a+b) contents were observed during of these discs (Fig. 2.). That s the rate of photosynthesis of rice showed the pronounced Increase in the first 48hr. In soybean, the rate was fairly constant in the first 48hr. However, in barnyardgrass, the rate markedly decreased with time. Meanwhile, chlorophyll contents showed the continuous decrease with the aging of the discs in all of three plant species. 3. Variations of the rate of photosynthesis were shown among 13 plant species. In these plants, the photosynthesis of C_4-plants was lower than that of C_3-plants except barnyardgrass grown in the field in Summer (Table 3.). 4. Although considerable variations were observed in the rate of photosynthesis during the aging of discs and in the photosynthesis differences among species, the relative effects of herbicides to their rates of photosynthesis showed the similar patterns (Table 2 and 3). 5. Variation in photosynthesis during the aging of discs and among plant species showed the low curvilinear correlationship with the chlorophyll contents (Fig. 2 and Table 3). 6. Atrazine (3. 3×101^M) and DCMU (3. 3×l0_6M) which inhibit the photosynthesis did not affect the respiration of leaf discs (Table 2). Alloxidim and 2, 4-D from 5×-1^4M to 5×10-^4M, which have other mode of t' than photosynthesis inhibition showed no effect on ac ron photosynthesis and respiration in this experimental system. These results were discussed with reference to the availability of oxygen electrode for photosynthesis investigation and its application for an assay system of herbicidal activities.s
日本雑草学会の論文
1981-12-26

酸素電極による光合成・呼吸測定法の検討とその除草剤作用検定への利用

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