Regulation of Levels of Proline as an Osmolyte in Plants under Water Stress

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• Compatible osmolytes are potent osmoprotectants that play a role in counteracting the effects of osmotic stress. Proline (Pro) is one of the most common compatible osmolytes in water-stressed plants. The accumulation of Pro in dehydrated plants is caused both by activation of the biosynthesis of Pro and by inactivation of the degradation of Pro. In plants, L-Pro is synthesized from L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) via Δ^1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C by two enzymes, P5C synthetase (P5CS) and P5C reductase (P5CR). L-Pro is metabolized to L-Glu via P5C by two enzymes, pro-line dehydrogenase (oxidase) (ProDH; EC 1.5.99.8) and P5C dehydrogenase (P5CDH; EC 1.5.1.12). Such metabolism of Pro is inhibited when Pro accumulates during de-hydration and it is activated when rehydration occurs. Under dehydration conditions, when expression of the gene for P5CS is strongly induced, expression of the gene for ProDH is inhibited. By contrast, under rehydration conditions, when the expression of the gene for ProDH is strongly induced, the expression of the gene for P5CS is inhibited. Thus, P5CS, which acts during the biosynthesis of Pro, and ProDH, which acts during the metabolism of Pro, appear to be the rate-limiting factors under water stress. Therefore, it is suggested that levels of Pro are regulated at the level of transcriptional the genes of these two enzymes during dehydration and rehydration. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that Pro acts as an osmoprotectant and that overproduction of Pro results in increased tolerance to osmotic stress of transgenic tobacco plants. Genetically engineered crop plants that overproduce Pro might, thus, acquire osmotolerance, namely, the ability to tolerate environmental stresses such as drought and high salinity.

• 日本植物生理学会の論文

著者

• SHINOZAKI Kazuo

  Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute

• YOSHIBA Yoshu

  Advanced Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd.

• Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko

  Biological Resources Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)

• NAKASHIMA Kazuo

  Biological Resources Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)

• SHINOZAKI Kazuo

  Inst Physic Chem Res (RIKEN)

• NAKASHIMA Kazuo

  Japan Int. Res. Cent. Agri. Sci.

• Kiyosue Tomohiro

  Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research(RIKEN)

• Yamaguchi‐shinozaki Kazuko

  Univ. Tokyo Tokyo Jpn

• Yamaguchi‐shinozaki K

  Japan International Res. Center For Agricultural Sci. (jircas) Ibaraki Jpn

• Yamaguchi-shinozaki Kazuko

  Japan. Int. Res. Cent. Agri. Sci.

• Yamaguchi-shinozaki Kazuko

  Biological Resources Division Japan International Research Center For Agicultural Sciences (jircas)

• Yoshiba Yoshu

  Cent. Res. Lab. Hitachi Ltd.

• Yoshida Yuhji

  Cent. Res. Lab. Hitachi Ltd.

• Nakashima Kazuo

  Biological Resources Division Japan International Research Center For Agricultural Sciences (jircas)

• Shinozaki Kazuo

  Laboratory Of Plant Molecular Biology Riken

• Kiyosue T

  Inst. Physical And Chemical Res. (riken) Ibaraki Jpn

• Kiyosue Tomohiro

  Laboratory Of Plant Molecular Biology The Institute Of Physical And Chemical Research (riken)

• Nakashima Kazuo

  Japan Int. Res. Cent. Agr. Sci. (jircas)

• Nakashima Kazuo

  Biological Resources And Post-harvest Division Japan International Research Center For Agricultural Sciences (jircas)

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