Enhancement by Fatty Acids of the Rectal Absorption of Propranolol : In Vitro Evaluation in the Rat

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The effects of a series of fatty acids on the rectal absorption of propranolol (PL) were examined in vitro, using macrogol 1500 base and rat rectal tissue. Lauric acid, at a fatty acid : PL molar ratio of 1 : 1,produced the largest increase in permeation rate (J_3), penetration coefficient and partition coefficient of PL. PL flux was increased 2.5-fold in the presence of lauric acid compared to that without the fatty acid. However, the J_3 value of PL was decreased at increased molar ratios (e.g., 3 : 1) of lauric acid. The permeation rate of lauric acid across the rectal membrane was much larger than that of PL. Furthermore, the apparent partition coefficient of PL in an n-octanol/buffer system was significantly increased at a 1 : 1 molar ratio to lauric acid compared with that of PL alone. These results suggest that a complex-mediated mechanism facilitates PL transport, thereby partially contributing to the enhancement of PL rectal absorption. A similar mechanism is applicable to percutaneous drug absorption, as reported previously. Thus, a portion of PL, after first forming a complex with fatty acids, may rapidly permeate across rectal membranes.
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