トビケラ類の日週期活動とすみわけ

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1. Daily swarmings of caddis fly adults were observed on the pier which projected into Lake Biwa near the Otsu Hydrobiological Station, from April to early July, in 1949, 1950 and 1952. 2. Through the course of the observation, more than 14 species of caddis flies 'Table 1) appeared in their "dancing places", i. e., over the surfaces of pine cherry trees planted on the pier and over ferbs grown there (Fig. 1). 3. Some of them (Kyopsyche japonica, Rhabdoceras japonicum, Leptocerus nigronervosus, Gumaga okinawaensis, etc.) swarm twice in a day-in the morning and in the evening, and others swarm only in the evening (Dipseudopsis stellata, Ecnomus omiensis, Setodes biwae, etc.) (Table 2, 3). Swarming behavior of Molanna falcata is characteristic, i. e., dancing twice in a day from late April to late May, but afterwards to early july it swarms only once in the morning (Table 2). These various modes of daily periodic behavior seem to be maintained by the combined actions of solar illumination and air temperature. For example, Molanna falcata makes swarm-flight only when the illumination intensity is below 1, 000 Lux and the air temperature is below 18℃. This condition is satisfied both in the morning and in the evening from late April to late May, but after that time the air temperature ascends and the swarm-flight in the evening is inhibited. Setodes biwae and Dipseudopsis stellata never swarm when the illumination intensity is stronger than 30-40 Lux. Rhabdoceras japonicum swarms only when the air temperature at about 4 a. m. or 7 p. m. is higher than 15℃. Mystacides longicornis seems to be indifferent to the change of air temperature and the characteristic up-and-down dancing occurs when the illumination intensity is below 600 Lux both in the morning and in the evening. 4. Dancing palces are restricted to peculiar space in some species or are owned in common in others (Fig. 2, Table 2). Generally, larger forms (e. g. Dipseudopsis stellata, Leptocerus nigronervosus, Rhabdoceras japonicum, Setodes biwae. Molanna falcata) have their exclusive places and smaller forms (e. g. Gunaga okinawaensis, Kyopsyche japonica, Ecnomus omiensis, Oxyethira sp., Serincostomatidae spp.) show tendencies to mingle with each other. Alternation of the situation in the evening from Molanna falcata to Setodes, biwae, which occurs in late May, is a good example of micro-habitat segregation. This phenomenon is induced by the change of air temperature as above mentioned. 5. When any kind of habitat segregation (spatial or temporal) occurs in the daily swarmings of caddis flies, -the processes that induce the segregations will scarcely be concerned with "coaction" among them. In these cases, physiological requirements of each species for peculiar physical environmental conditions may chiefly be responsible for, and the process of this sort was announced by Mori (1952) as through "the second fundamental process" of habitat segregation.
社団法人日本動物学会の論文
1953-05-15

トビケラ類の日週期活動とすみわけ

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