青銅の騎士にニコライ一世を見る解釈に寄せて
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In Pushkin's narrative poem "The Bronze Horseman"(1833) the bronze statue of Peter the Great both in its immobile and animated state symbolizes the great power of a ruler. The surface identity of the statue is of course Peter the Great, who fouded St. Petersburg, and owing to that achievement was indirectly responsible for the death of Evgeny's fiancee. But, as I will argue in this paper, the Bronze Horseman is also intended by Pushkin to refer to Nikolas I; and the poem states his attitude towards this ruler. In 1830 cholera broke out in various parts of Russia. In the autumn of that year Nicholas I visited Moscow to comfort people suffering from the disease. In response to the Tsar's deed, Pushkin wrote the poem "The Hero" (1830) in which a merciful monarch, descending from the throne, visits plague-stricken people. The monarch of "The Hero" clearly stands for Nicholas I. In "The Hero" Pushkin asserted that a monarch necessarily had to be humane. From documentation we know that the reason why Pushkin wrote "The Hero" was that he hoped that it would appeal to Nicholas I and move him to commute the sentences of the Decembrists. During 1831, Cholera Rebellions frequently accompanied outbreaks of cholera. Each time a Chorela Rebellion occurred, Nicholas I quickly suppresscd it. The Tsar's severe attitude toward rebels disappointed Pushkin,as we know from his correspondence. He came to believe that every autocrat was essentially cruel, and gave up hopes for a merciful and wise policy from Nicholas I. Compare "The Hero" with "The Bronze Horseman": in "The Hero" a monarch descends form the throne, faces epidemics among his people, and shows them mercy; in the denouement of "The Bronze Horseman" the Bronze Horseman descends from the pedestal, faced the rebel Evgeny, and pursues him. In Pushkin's works, as I have already shown in my paper, "On the Flood in 'The Bronze Horseman'", epidemics, rebellion, madness are rendered equivalent in being closely tied to the image of a beast. Thus in the symbolism of these works, the monarchs of "The Hero" and "The Bronze Horseman" are confronted by similar social crises, but they meet them in different ways. The favourable view of Nicholas I taken by Pushkin in 1830 is reflected in "The Hero". His disappointment in the same tsar and insight into the sober realities during and after 1831 is reflected in "The Bronze Horseman". In this poem, the Bronze Horseman pursues Evgeny relentlessly. A similar relentlessness is shown by Nicholas I, Pushikin implies, in his merciless pursuit of rebels including the Decembrists.
- 日本スラヴ・東欧学会の論文
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