占領期における新興紙と全国紙 : 『中京新聞』を中心にして
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概要
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The period while Japan was occupied was a turning point for Japanese journalism. After defeat of Japan, the problem what journalism in Japan should be was often duscussed, and some reform of newspapers were made from inside and outside. It can be thought that the birth of Shinko-shi(new newspapers) was one of the reform from outside. They were grass-rooted journalism activities because new publishers were willing to express their opinions. One of the reasons why new newspapers were published was political inducement by GHQ. GHQ expressed the memorandum of"Elimination of Newspaper and Publishers' Associations Control over Distribution of paper"on 26th October 1945, and ordered that the Japanese government would create a paper rationing organization. This new organization distributed paper to new newspapers prior to established papers. As a example of this movement, this article discuss Chukyo Shimbun Which was established in Nagoya, Aichi. It has cooperation relationship to Asahi Shimbun. The aim of this article is to explain what was cooperation relationship between Chukyo and Asahi, and discuss its conflicts. K.Kato, Dietman belonging to Japan Socialist Party, was rationed paper. Y.Chiba, ex-editor of Asahi, became president of Chukyo. And it was published on 1st August 1946. It aimed to realize quality paper. When it was published, Asahi gave it various supports such as offering of capital. Then, why Asahi assisted Chukyo? Above mentioned, those days, established papers such as Asahi was refused incresed paper rations by Paper Rationing Comittee. Therefore, they tried to create new newspapers in various places all over the Japan. For example, Asahi supported new newspapers in Kyushu and Kansai as well as Nagoya. In Nagoya, six new newspapers including Chukyo were published after war, and five of the six had cooperation relationship to established papers of Asahi, Mainichi, Chubu Nippon. Chukyo had about 80,000 circulation. However, it didn't last as other new newspapers. Adjustment of newspaper rationing (Shimbun Kodoku Chosei) made its management worse. And as paper production got higher, established papers increased their circuration or published evening editions. What was more important, Asahi re-started to print a newspaper in Nagoya on 1st February 1950, Which was long-cherished desire of Asahi. Chukyo was urged to repay of the money. After this, Chukyo made various efforts for reconstruction for more than a year. But finally, Chukyo stopped printing newspaper on 5th May 1951. Like this, many other new newspapers, except sports newspapers and so on, have disappeared. But many of new newspapers had unique content which had not seen in established papers. Therefore, it is useful to evaluate new newspapers for approaching Japanese journalism.
- 日本マス・コミュニケーション学会の論文
- 1993-03-31
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