横断歩道における群集流の巨視的行動パターンの計量に関する研究 : コンピューターグラフィックスによる計量

概要

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Collective behavior, characterized by specific directional and structural movements, often emerges in crowds flocking together and flowing in limited areas of space. In the present study such organized collective behaviors are called macro-behavioral patterns (MBP). One of the essential properties of MBP is that individual behavior (micro) and MBP (macro) determine each other. It is important to establish measurement methodology for MBP as a first step towards clarifying the dynamic relationship between micro and macro. Two operational concepts (or indices) were developed to measure MBP in a crowd of pedestrians walking on a crosswalk. The "band index" represented the degree to which walking paths of individual pedestrians were confined to a limited number of walking belts. The "size index" measured the number of pedestrians. We made a graphical analysis of still photographs of crowd behavior to calculate these indices. As a result, the fluctuations of the indices adequately corresponded to sequential changes in the movements of a crowd which represent the following four stages: the emergence, establishment, maintenance, and decline of MBP.
1992-03-10