インスリン抵抗性と骨格筋の組織学的・生化学的特性との関連性

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Insulin resistance is a recognized characteristics of several disease states including obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), essential hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In addition, metabolic factors, including hypertension and abdominal distribution of body fat, indicating elevated risk to develop cardiovascular disease, NIDDM and stroke, are frequently seen in cluster. Several studies have demonstrated in human and animal experiments that risk factors for above mentioned diseases were also significantly associated with fast-twitch (FT) muscle fiber, especially FG(IIb) fiber. It is, however, proposed other mechanism for the development of obesity and insulin resistance. In this review, we firstly focused on the pathophysiological mechanism of insulin resistance, role of skeletal muscle characteristics on the development of obesity, and the relationship between insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle characteristics such as biochemical and histochemical profiles, and capillary network. Seconderily, we summarized the role of skeletal muscle characteristics and capillary network on improvement of insulin sensitivity after physical training. In summary from previous studies, capillary network and/or metabolic profile of the skeletal muscle such as ratio of glycolytic- to oxidative-enzymatic activity rather than muscle fiber composition were more strongly contributed to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. There are many human and animal studies that physical training improved whole body- and skeletal muscle-insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle, and capillary density. Recently, Suwa et al. (Am. J. Physiol, 271: R432 R436, 1996) developed model rat which have genetically higher levels of % FT fibers. To evaluate the effect of muscle characterization on fat accumulation and insulin resistance, many informations will be given by this model rat.
日本運動生理学会の論文
1999-01-30

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