アルコール摂取がヒトの反応時間及び運動野の抑制回路に及ぼす影響

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Effects of acute alcohol ingestion on human motor functions, especially on reaction times (RTs) and on intracortical inhibitory (ICI) circuits of the primary motor cortex (Ml), were investigated in nine normal subjects. The following three tests were performed before and after alcohol ingestion. Firstly, to examine the extent of getting drunk, a calculation test using Kraepelin's classification was performed to all subjects. Secondly, to evaluate effects of alcohol ingestion on human motor functions, RTs were measured under three following conditions; 1) without transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 2) TMS applied to Ml and 3) TMS applied to premotor cortex. TMS was simultaneously applied to present the visual response signal. Thirdly, to reveal effects of alcohol ingestion on ICI circuits in Ml, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were elicited, by using a paired-pulse technique of TMS. Scores of Kraepelin's test were significantly decreased after alcohol ingestion. Similarly, RTs were lengthened after alcohol ingestion, but RT differences at each condition between before and after alcohol ingestion did not change. Namely, amounts of lengthened RTs after alcohol ingestion remained unchanged among three conditions. Although MEP amplitudes were increased in all subjects (N=5) tested after alcohol ingestion, excitability changes of ICI circuits did not occur. That is, changes of MEP amplitudes induced by alcohol ingestion were dependent on individual differences. Based on the present results, it is suggested that effects of alcohol ingestion on human motor functions do not influence on the central inhibitory motor pathways, but they may exert on the higher brain functions (cf. decision making including motor programming process).
2003-10-27

アルコール摂取がヒトの反応時間及び運動野の抑制回路に及ぼす影響

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