種々の成長段階の帆立貝の環境に対する抵抗性について : 特に鰓織毛運動に対する懸濁浮泥, 酸素欠乏などの影響
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Spawned larvae of the scallop, Pecten yessoensis JAY, in Mutsu Bay, grew to about 300 micra of shell length and were attached to the substratum in early June. These attached spats, which reached 6-10mm in shell length, turn to bottom life from late July. Meanwhile, a high mortality, which has not been explained, of these spats was ascertained, such phenomenon was often observed during summer and early autumn, and the mortality decreased in November when the spats attained from 30 to 40mm in shell length. In this paper the behaviors of the scallops in varlous stages of growth were observed under some environmental conditions which were of ecological importance. Gill pieces of 3×5mm were cut from the gill lamella of the scallops and immersed in sea water, then they crawled on the bottom of the containers, Petri dishes. The velocity of the crawl was measured and the relative velocity was estimated in comparlson with that of the control ones. The results are as follows : 1. Ciliary activity of gill pieces was decreased considerably by a small amount of suspended silt, especially in the young scallop(Fig. 1). 2. By low tension of soluble oxygen the ciliary activity of young scallops was slackened to 15-28 per cent after fifteen minutes and the gill piece crawling already stopped at about 20 minutes(Table 1). 3. Small pieces of the gill were appropriately stained with each of vital staining dyes, and then enclosed together with a small amount of sea water, in a small respiratory chamber on the slide glass and observed under the microsope. By this method the critical intracellular redoxpotential limiting ciliary activity could be determined(Table 2). Young scallop spats of 11-18mm in shell length remained in a high rH value and from these facts it was inferred that they have not yet developed a greater tolerance to anaerobic conditions. 4. Relative velocity of scallop gill pieces in varying sea water concentrations showed that the scallop was a stenohaline animal, especially it was so in the young, and a higher speed was observed in the concentrated sea water of 21.49 C1‰(38.819 S‰)than in normal sea water of 18.11 C1‰(32.719 S‰)(Fig.2). 5. Crawling velocity of gill pieces which were transferred suddenly from 5°or 20℃ to varying temperatures was decreased, especially in young acallops the crawling was stopped by the change of 15℃, i.e. from 20°to 5℃(Table 3). 6. From the facts obtained, the above-mentioned high mortality of the spats may be induced by the suspended silt and a low tension of soluble oxygen caused by the oxidation of organic matter in bottom mud, water stratification of summer calming, circulation in early autumn dredging of bottom fishery etc. In October and November the young scallop might have developed a greater tolerance to such environmental changes.
- 1956-03-31
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