高度成長期以降の学歴とライフコース
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概要
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It is often argued that the period known as the "oil crisis" in the middle of the 1970's was a turning point in the postwar Japanese social change. In this ariticle, I attempted to clarify the effects of social change on the life course for men and women during this period, analyzing life history data from the "1985 Social Stratification and Social Mobility" survey. For Japanese women, there have been two major factors influencing the modern life course: an increasing number of young unmarried full-time employees after the postwar economic growth and an increasing number of married part-time employees after the mid 1970's. My analysis showed that these two factors clearly caused an impact on the life course of women high school graduates born in 1931-45. Most women in that category worked as a full-time employees until their mid twenties (in the 1960's), when they left to marry and become housewives. However, a sizeable number of those women started to re-enter the labor market as part-time employees at the age of about forty (after the middle of the 1970's). In the case of the younger women's life course (those born from 1946-65), almost all had worked as full-time employees until their middle twenties, and then quit after marriage. However, the age of re-entering the labor market as a part-time employee was earlier for this cohort. They started to re-enter at about the age of thirty. Thus, the rapid increase in married part-time workers has reduced he age of transition in the life course of young married women after the middle of the 1970's. Japanese men's life course has been influenced by the dual structure of inter-firm mobility and the "life-time" employment system of big firms. However, the boundary of inter-firm mobility was loosened during the postwar economic growth period (the 1960's) and has been tightened after the oil crisis (after the middle 1970's). My analysis showed that this trend in inter-firm mobility was evident in the life course of small firm employees having senior high school diplomas. Most small firm (1936-40 cohort) employees changed firms until the age of thirty (in the 1960's). They shifted from small firms to another small firm, a big firm or became independent. However, the life course of small firm employees has changed from the 1946-50 cohort. It has become more difficult for them to shift to big firms or become independent in their middle twenties (about the middle of the 1970's). In addition, it was more difficult for small firm employees of the 1956-60 cohort to become independent. Thus, as a result of social change in the middle of the 1970's, inter-firm mobility of small firm employees with senior high school diplomas tended to take place within small firms. This article verified that social change in the middle of the 1970's has influenced women's and men's life courses in different ways. After the middle of the 1970's, young married women have had a new object of choice in their life course in the latter half of their twenties so that their life course has been diversified. On the other hand, choices in men's life course have been restricted so that men's life course has been fixed based on firm size.
- 日本教育社会学会の論文
- 1990-04-30
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関連論文
- 義務教育後教育体系に関する基礎的研究(その3)(一般研究 III・2部会 中等教育III)
- 1 初期キャリア形成とライフスタイル : 高校卒業生調査の分析から(III-5部会 教育と進路)
- 関口礼子 著, 『誕生から死まで : カナダと日本の生活文化比較』, 四六判, 300頁, 2,472円, 勁草書房
- 高度成長期以降の学歴とライフコース
- 外側から見る眼 : ジョン・マイヤーの制度理論と教育研究における展開(文化編)