少年非行における「疎外」の意味-非行化条件とそのメカニズムの統合的視点から-

概要

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A theory of delinquency explains why delinquency occurs frequently in "delinquent areas" and why some fall in delinquency but others do not even in the same environmental conditions. If we call the former procedure of description why delinquency occurs "conditional analysis," the latter will be called "mechanism analysis" which describes the differences between delinquents and non-delinquents. The socio-cultural theories of delinquency which lay stress on the cultural transmissions or learning processes are apt to predispose on the conditional analysis, while on the other hand the psychogenic-maladaptive theories, in which emotional defects or psychological traumas have the important elements of their constructs, are disposed to follow the mechanism analysis. But we have to seek the motivational processes of delinquency in each individual's attitude=motive structure that organizes the environmental stimulus and delinquent factors in a specific way. Then I propose the socio-psychological concept of "LIFE-STRUCTURE" as the integrative point of conditions and mechanisms in jevenile delinquency. Secondly, I intend to describe the conducts of delinquency in the conducts of delinquency in the frame of reference of the general social action theory on the stand point that "delinquency is a normal response to the abnormal conditions." At any rate, action is motivated by the meaning that "gratification-deprivation balance" between social and individual evaluation attaches to the self in his "life-structure" which reconstructs the social situation subjectively, I think. Considering the action frame of rerernce, I want to define the concept of ALIENATION which is composed of the state of consciousness that individual attaches the negative meanings to the self in his life-structure and negative evaluation to his life experiences. In terms of this context, delinquency will be defined as a form of compensatory or value-reversed "alienation" that individual seeks, the positive meanings of self in a deviant pattern for the unsatisfactory and inadequate life experiences. In order to exemplify the developmental processes of delinquency as a form of alienation in terms of the socio-cultural conditions and mechanisms, I will cite the outcomes of our field work reserch. The key point of the working hypothesis of our reserch was laid down on the analysis of differences, at first, between delinquents and non-delinquents, secondly between middle-class and lower-working-class in delinquent area in terms of conditions and mechanisms. Our conclusion is as follows; the efficient factors of delinquency are the degree of discrepancy statistically between cultural patterns (norms, morality, child-rearing), family patterns (family structure, emotional integration in a family), social environments (neighbourhood, leisure, friendship), value and stability (value-orientation and the degree of satisfaction about one's status and goals). Especially, I should life to evaluate highly the important roles of two sub-concepts. "goal-alienation" and "status-alienation" as the definitive motivational factors in delinquency.
日本教育社会学会の論文
1961-10-20

著者

柴野昌山
京都大学

少年非行における「疎外」の意味-非行化条件とそのメカニズムの統合的視点から-

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