大気と海洋の多様なる相互作用 : 2002年度日本気象学会賞受賞記念講演

概要

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This is an expansion of a lecture delivered in accepting the 2002 Medal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Behavior of ocean-atmosphere interaction differs where sea surface temperature (SST) is greater or less than a certain criteria (〜27℃). Over warm ocean surface, atmospheric deep convection reacts to changes in SST, leading to tropospheric-wide response. Over cold ocean surface, by contrast, the direct effect of SST anomalies is trapped in the planetary boundary layer and the response further above is poorly understood. Modes of warm ocean-atmosphere interactions include the Bjerknes and wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback, which give rise to El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is key to the northward departure of the Pacific and Atlantic intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) from the geographic equator, respectively. A comparative discussion of climate variability in the three tropical oceans is given in light of these air-sea feedbacks. Finally, the potential of satellite observations for describing and understanding cold ocean-atmosphere interaction is demonstrated with examples. Modulation of storm track by SST gradient is proposed as a possible mechanism for extratropical SST to influence the free troposphere.
2002-12-31