Dependence of Wintering Higher Plants on Basal Metabolic Rates and Threshold Concentrations of Hexose for Survival and Regrowth

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概要

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• The influence of the environment on the life of higher plants, both in the long term and in the short term, is of considerable interest. Studies on death due to high temperature and water loss in relation to geological survival-a long term problem-(Lovelock and Whitfield 1982; Brock 1985; Kasting and Ackerman 1986; Caldeira and Kasting 1992) and injuries resulting from environmental pllution or low temperature-a short term problem-(Sakai 1961, 1965; koopowitz and Kaye 1983; Pierre and Quiroz 1988) are of major importance to understand the life span of biosphere. The disappearance of valuable plant species from their habitats or death of crops during wintering in farms is typical of current short term problems, and the major determinants, in terms of metabolism, of full-term life expectancy of higher plants, or factors that cause plant life to deteriorate have not been extensively studied. A number of studies indicated that in unfavorable environments, changes in activities of carbohydrate metabolism in leaves occurred (Bucker and Ballach 1992; Lutz et al.1992; Van Hove et al.1992), and that the levels of freezing tolerance and cold hardiness (wintering ability under snow) were related directly or indirectly to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the plants (Sakai 1961, 1965; Tognetti et al.1990; Sagisaka et al.1991a, b; Matsuda et al.1994). However, the direct relationship between changes in the carbohydrate levels and cold hardiness, for example, has not been studied. To analyze these issues in detail, it is necessary to determine in higher plants basal metabolic rates at 0℃ (under snow) and minimum levels of carbohydrates required for survival and/or regrowth. To date, these concepts have only been investigated in animals. To prove the validity of such concepts in wintering plants, we used wintering herbaceous plants, since obligatory metabolism, with parameters specific to each species or cultivar, takes place during wintering under snow (the growth rate is negligible, and since virtually no photosynthetic reactions proceed under the snow conditions, no net increase in the content of carbohydrates is observed). Therefore, the rate of consumption of carbohydrates may reflect the specific characteristics of a cultivar, variety or species, even though the rate of such consumption is very low at about 0℃. The results reported below confirmed the existence in higher plants of basal metabolic rates at about 0℃, threshold concentration for survival and regrowth, and the direct relationship between the rates of metabolism of carbohydrate reserves and the life span of wintering plants.

• 社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文

著者

• Sagisaka Shonosuke

  Institute Of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University

• Sagisaka Shonosuke

  Institute For Plant Cytochemistry Tonden

関連論文

• Major Isoforms of Starch Branching Enzymes in Premature Seeds of Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
• Metabolic Response to Treatment with Cold, Paraquat, or 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole in Leaves of Winter Wheat
• Role of Glutathione in the Accumulation of Potassium Ions in Escherichia coli under Osmotic Stress
• Dependence of Wintering Higher Plants on Basal Metabolic Rates and Threshold Concentrations of Hexose for Survival and Regrowth
• Amino Acid Pools in Herbaceous Plants at the wintering Stage and at the Beginning of Growth

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