啓蒙と挙業のあいだ: 伝統中国における知識の階層性
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概要
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In historical materials common people, excepting the literati, were often described as uneducated or uncultured. But it can be observed that many people, including merchants and farmers, learned elementary textbooks by heart in private schools, sometime even SiShu 四書The Four Boohs. Especially in the cities of those times, the learning of SiShu was widespread beyond expectation. In pre-modern China there was a certain assumption of the primary education that the most essential thing was to memorize the texts of SiShu. However, the pre-modern primary education consisted of two courses. One was the first step that led to passing Keju科挙, the imperial examination to become a bureaucrat. The other had the purpose of helping students attain primary literacy。 The textbooks of the two courses were not the same. The children of commoners started their study by reading elementary textbooks, and they read SiShu, or R功g粥配日記故事etc, until the age of 140r 15. On the other hand, children of the literati skipped some kinds of" elementary textbooks, and they studied how to make poems and other Chinese classics further and deeper. The difference of knowledge that was made from the two types of textbooks for literati and the populace is the reason for・the cultural attitude in late imperial China.
- 学習院大学の論文
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