明治後期「模範」小学校運営に見る学校経営の成立状況 : 優良小学校選奨政策に焦点づけて

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概要

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• This paper clarifies the socio-political situation which promoted the "autonomy" of elementary schools in Japan in the late Meiji Era. After the victory over Russia, it came to be widely recognized by the state bureaucrats that the most effective strategy for imperialistic expansion should be based on the total enrichment of this country, especially on the development of the rural economy. The Ministry of Domestic Affairs encouraged the autonomy of local public bodies through the campaign called "Rural Improvement Movement". And in this movement, local elementary schools were employed to take a leading role as the center of the local community integrated traditional communal orders. This development necessarily influenced the educational policy, which led to a second stage. This was the turn from the expansion on quantity to the improvement on quality. It is interesting to note that the role of the school in the community was considered to be an important factor in the quality evaluation when the Ministry of Education decided to set the standards for the elementary schools through the selection of Superior Schools (Showcase Model Schools) in 1908. We can also find the same kind of the Model among the attached elementary schools in those days. Since the Model made to be based on the community, it could be have the various patterns of management. This seemed to be respected the diversities to every school. But they were approved only within a certain limit. Though the path differed with the degree of development and social situation of the local communities, the goal led invariably to the National Education. This is the conclusion of this paper.

• 日本教育経営学会の論文
• 1996-06-01

著者

• 平井 貴美代

  筑波大学大学院

関連論文

• 郡役所廃止に伴う地方教育行政様式の転換と学校経営 : 「自由教育」解体期の千葉県を事例に
• 戦前日本における小学校長職像の成立過程に関する一考察 : 監督者校長から統督者校長へ
• 志村廣明著, 『学級経営の歴史』, 三省堂, 1994年
• 明治後期「模範」小学校運営に見る学校経営の成立状況 : 優良小学校選奨政策に焦点づけて

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