大名家臣の人口学的特徴 : 経済的困窮仮説の検討・徳島藩知行取の場合

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The demographic characteristics of the Daimyo retainers have never been specifically reviewed even though they represented a majority of the Samurai class. Kozo YAMAMURA analysed the demographics of the Tokugawa Samurai Bannerman and presented the hypothesis that the mean size of the bannerman families was reduced because of increasing economic difficulties and decreasing intra-class mobility before the mid-18th Century. Moreover, he proposed that the influence of this hypothesis should be extendeld to the end of the Tokugawa period and all of the Samurai class. In this paper, an examination is conducted to determine whether in fact the YAMAMURA hypothesis applies to the Tokushima-han Daimyo retainers during the period from the 17th to mid-19th Centuries. It was found that the average number of children per married retainer of the Tokushima-han decreased from a level around of six to four during the 17th Century and subsequently was broadly maintained after this time. This is suggested to have been a result of the new policy where retainer's second and younger sons were rarely appointed to the rank of retainer due to the method of division of their parents estates and the rights to the family lineage to that rank. This clearly shows that the YAMAMURA hypothesis does not hold true in the case of the Tokushima-han retainers. It is proposed that the chief factors determining the demographic changes and stability of the Tokushima-han during the Tokugawa period of the 17th to the mid-19th Century are in fact related to both social and economic restrictions, such as : 1) The reduced number of sons(i.e., first son only) given the rights to become appointed Daimyo retainers from the 17th Century onwards, and; 2) The strict family lineage which determined the rights to become retainers after the 18th Century.
1991-09-25

大名家臣の人口学的特徴 : 経済的困窮仮説の検討・徳島藩知行取の場合

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