郷紳の手になる郷紳調査について

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After the Boxer uprising, the events turned out to be a profound shock to the Empress Dowager and her conservative advisors, giving them an urge to reform. An imperial edict issued at Sian on January 29, 1901 asked all higher metropolitan and provincial officials to submit proposals on reform. This edict made a turning point in the political situation. This reform called Kuang-hsu hsin-cheng(光緒新政) began with the modernization of educational and military systems. A few years later, it became unavoidable to conduct a constitutional monarchy. In order to establish a constitutional polity, the traditional Chinese ordinances had to be transformed into a modern law system. In 1907; the Ch'ing government decided the transformation of the ordinances into a modern law system and appointed Shen Chia-Pen (沈家本) to the Minister of Laws Revision named Hsiu-ting fa-lu ta-ch'en (修訂法律大臣). He proposed to research the local common laws and the conditions of the people in some local countries, and he was authorized to nominate to the researchers some lawyer; who had to be acquainted with the modern laws. The writer was of opinion that some local reports had been written by such researchers, and two handwritten documents which I found out several years ago at University of Tokyo and University of Kyoto convinced him of it. One is The first report on the common laws in Lung-yi hsien, 1909, which consists of two parts: "Some conditions of the people , one volume"and "The administerial common laws by the local genetry; one volume ". The other is "The report on civil common laws in Lung-yi hsien", which was probably written in 1910. These documents seem to have been written by the lawyer whom Shen Chia-pen nominated. It might be guessed that the researcher was Yu Shao.sung (余紹宋), who came of the most famous family in Lung-yi, Chekiang and had graduated from the Tokyo Semmon Gakko (later Waseda University). He was one of the best educated men in Lung-yi, and passed the Imperial Examination. He received the degree of Master of Law in 1910, which was called "Fa-k'-o Chu-jen (法科拳人)". He became a famous judical officer in the Republican China. These documents are very useful for studying a local community and a civil common law This paper gives a preliminary analysis of local gentry by means of "The report on administerial common laws by local gentry in Lung-yi hsien". In the report we can not find any fixed social classes called "Hsiang-shen (郷紳)" or "" Shen-shi (紳士)". The persons called "Shen-tung (紳董)" took part in the administerial business. They consisted of a group of people engaged in the administerial work; therefor their had their basis on their administerial function.
社会経済史学会の論文
1978-03-31

郷紳の手になる郷紳調査について

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