山陰農村の親族組織

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Tagawa is a rice growing village or buraku, consisting of 34 households with a population of 181 persons, strung along a valley for two kilometers in a mountainous region of Yasuki City, Shimane Prefecture, in western Honshu, Japan. In Tagawa there are five tani or neighborhoods within which various sorts of mutual aid are practiced. The tani also functions as a social unit for several ritual and recreational activities. In this village, patron (oyakata)-client (kokata) relationships which crosscut divisions tani was highly developed in the past. A client and his family provide labor for the farming, domestic work, weddings and funerals of their patron. The patron, in turn, had the responsibility to protect the life of his clients and guarantee their subsistence. While these patron-client relationships decreased in the past years mainly due to postwar land-reform and to the increasing availability of city jobs, such relationships have never died out. Today there are five patrons and most of the remaining households belong as clients to one of them. However, the patron-client relationship has never functionally dominated village life. Essentially, the patron-clien relationship was based on the rental of land. A client's heir is usually named at birth by his father's patron. A clients's heir is assigned ceremonially at approximately twenty years of age to succeed to the position of his father, becoming the client of his father's patron. Although the patron-client relationship tended to continue from generation, to generation, there were several instances in which clients changed patrons according to the decline of one patron's economic power. Generally speaking, in Tagawe the patron-client relationship is not incorporated into the stem-branch family relationship. It is more often formed separately, in contrast with villages where the patron-client relationship is established along with the stem-branch family relationship. The patrons in Tagawa never established their clients as their branch families. Further, the relationship of the stem and the branch families (patrilineally related) does not coincide with the landlord-tenant relationship in this village.
日本文化人類学会の論文
1969-06-30

山陰農村の親族組織

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