大分県岩戸寺部落における「クミ」結合の分析

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The following reports a study of the charac ter of kumi in Iwatoji buraku, Oita Prefecture. The buraku's seven kumi, each a separate cooperative group, are clearly differenciated by locality, however, contrary to prevelent theories of social organization in Southwestern Japan, intra-kumi ties involve concepts of patrilineal descent as well. With only four exceptions, all bunke have been established within the kumi of their honke; the ancestor-based itoo patrilineal groupings (similar in form to doozoku) do not overlap kumi boundaries; in some cases kumi households believe they share the same patrilineal ancestors though they have no evidence of actual connection; households with the same family name in different kumi deny any relationship to each other and are mutually hostile; some itoo include all households of a single kumi, while other kumi have several itoo groups. Evidence that kumi are not solely local groups also comes from a case in which a household, after moving to the locality of another kumi, retained membership in its former kumi and avoided contact with the kumi of its new neighbors. Inter-kumi relations have the following characteristics: pairs of kumi worship a single ujigami together; kumi combine into two opposing groups over political questions: and all kumi jointly worship the buraku diety. Thus the kumi as sub-units of the buraku function at four levels in vill age life, i. e. 1) separately, 2) pairs, 3) in groups of three and four and, 4) all together. Recently, the organizational strength of the kumi and inter-kumi groupings appear to have been weakened by new cross-kumi ties established between households for new economic purposes such as the growth of tangerines and the development of new water supplies. The factors creating kumi and buraku solidarity and the relevance of this material to considerations of Southwestern village social organization are discussed.
日本文化人類学会の論文
1969-06-30

大分県岩戸寺部落における「クミ」結合の分析

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