ALKALI METAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN OF SALTS IN LAKES AND PONDS FROM THE McMURDO DRY VALLEYS, ANTARCTICA

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Alkali metals in lake, pond, and ice samples of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in southern Victoria Land, Antarctica were studied to clarify the origins of dissolved salts and to estimate their evolutional history. The contents of Li, Rb and Cs largely varied ranging from 0.30ppb to 390ppm, 0.06ppb to 514ppb and 0.001ppb to 90.9ppb, respectively. The low rare alkali metal contents with high Ef_m [Ef_m=(m/Cl)_s/(m/Cl)_<sw>, m; alkali metal, s; sample, sw; seawater] values of the pond waters and ice samples in the Labyrinth imply that dissolved salts are mainly derived from atmospheric fallout. The decrease of Ef_m values with increasing Cl content of the Labyrinth pond waters suggests that rare alkali metals are removed from waters during freeze and evaporative concentrations. The bottom waters of Lakes Fryxell and Bonney may originate from trapped seawater influenced by water-rock interaction. The extremely high Ef_m values (especially the Ef_<Li>, Ef_<Cs> values) of Don Juan Pond water and the bottom water in Lake Vanda can be explained by the contribution of deep ground waters.
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