GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC COMPONENTS IN SOILS OF THE McMURDO DRY VALLEYS, ANTARCTICA
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概要
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Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons, fatty acids, hydroxy acids and dicarboxylic acids in soil samples from the Wright and Taylor Valleys of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Victoria Land, Antarctica are discussed in relation to source materials. Unusually, long-chain (>C_<19>) n-alkanes (n-C_<23>, n-C_<25> and n-C_<27>) and n-alkenes [n-C_<23 : 1> (carbon chain length : number of double bonds), n-C_<25 : 1>, n-C_<27 : 1> and n-C_<29 : 2>] with a predominance of odd-carbon numbers are major hydrocarbons. Normal alkanoic acids showing a predominance of even-carbon numbers are detected, as the major fatty acids, together with small amounts of iso-and anteiso-alkanoic, and n-alkenoic acids. A series of 3-hydroxy (C_8-C_<30>) and (ω-1)-hydroxy acids (C_<22>-C_<30>) with a predominance of even-carbon numbers are found in the soil samples, while 2-hydroxy (C_8-C_<30>), ω-hydroxy (C_8-C_<30>) and α, ω-dicarboxylic acids (C_8-C_<31>)showed no even-carbon predominance. Visual kerogen showed that amorphous materials are major components (68-98%) with small amounts of very fine coal (2-32%), although no woody and herbaceous materials are present. The occurrence of mature isomers of steranes and triterpanes, small amounts of n-alkenoic acids, visual kerogen results and microscopic data of microorganisms suggest that organic components in the soil samples were derived from various sources, i. e., erosion of the Beacon Supergroup sedimentary rocks, past biological debris containing vascular plant wax formed in preand inter-glacial periods from Eocene to Pliocene, and wind-transported cyanobacterial mats, containing various microorganisms, rather than from living microorganisms. These organic components reflect the probable drastic changes in environmental conditions over geological time for organisms in the McMurdo Dry Valleys and adjacent regions.
- 国立極地研究所の論文
著者
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Matsumoto G
Department Of Environmental Information Science School Of Social Information Studies Otsuma Women&ap
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Matsumoto G
School Of Social Information Studies Otsuma Women's University
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TORII Tetsuya
Japan Polar Research Association
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MATSUMOTO Genki
Department of Environmental Information Science, School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women'
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WATANUKI Kunihiko
Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo
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HIROTA Koitsu
Shonan Institute of Technology
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Torii Tetsuya
Japan Chemical Analysis Center
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Matsumoto Genki
Department Of Chemistry College Of Arts And Sciences University Of Tokyo
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Watanuki Kunihiko
Department Of Chemistory The College Of Arts And Sciences The University Of Tokyo
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