ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF LAKE SEDIMENTS AND ALGAL MATS FROM THE LUTZOW-HOLM BAY REGION, ANTARCTICA

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概要

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• The organic geochemical study of hydrocarbons and fatty acids in lake sediments and algal mats from the Lutzow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica was carried out to elucidate their features for the paucity of vascular plants in relation to source organisms. Normal alkanes ranging in carbon chain length from C_<15> to C_<35> with a predominance of odd-carbon numbers were found in the sediment and algal mat samples, together with monomethyl-and dimethyl-branched alkanes and/or alkenes. Interestingly, long-chain n-alkenes were present in some sediment samples. Also, triterpenes, such as hop-22(29)-ene and 17β(H), 21β(H)-hopane, and 5α(H), 14α(H), 17α(H)-C_<27>-C_<29> steranes were found in most samples. Normal alkanoic acids in carbon chain length ranging from C_<10>-C_<32> with a predominance of even-carbon numbers were detected in the samples, along with iso-and anteiso-alkanoic acids (C_<12>-C_<17>) and n-alkenoic acids (C_<16> and C_<18>). Unusually, long-chain n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids (>C_<19>) were major components in certain samples. The major organisms in algal mats were Cyanophyceae (Nostoc sp. or Phormidium sp.), Bacillariophyceae (Amphora veneta, Coscinodiscus sp., Fradilariopsis curta or Navicula cryptocephala) or Chlorophyceae (Cosmarium clepsydra or Oedogonium sp. These algae and cyanobacteria are commonly distributed in Antarctic lakes and ponds. However, the major organisms in the sediments are all Bacillariophyceae, suggesting that settled organic matter in the sediments is degraded largely after sedimentation, and only Bacillariophyceae remained. Also, n-alkenoic acid/n-alkanoic acid ratios probably reflect the degree of destruction of organic matter. The abundance of alkenes may be explained by low environmental temperatures in the region, since it is known that unsaturated compounds in some plankton increase with decreasing ambient temperatures. The absence of thermally matured triterpanes and steranes indicates that organic matter in the lakes is mainly synthesized by in situ organisms, and the contribution of eroded materials is small. These compounds may be derived from diatoms, green algae and/or cyanobacteria, with some influence of bacteria. However, the specific source organisms of these organic compounds are not yet clear. Algal mats are important sources of organic matter in the lake and ice-free areas in Antarctica.

• 国立極地研究所の論文

著者

• Ohtani Shuji

  Department of Education, Shimane University

• Matsumoto G

  Department Of Environmental Information Science School Of Social Information Studies Otsuma Women&ap

• Ohtani Shuji

  Department Of Biology Faculty Of Education Shimane University

• MURAYAMA Haruta

  Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Yokohama National University

• Matsumoto G

  School Of Social Information Studies Otsuma Women's University

• TORII Tetsuya

  Japan Polar Research Association

• MATSUMOTO Genki

  Department of Environmental Information Science, School of Social Information Studies, Otsuma Women'

• WATANUKI Kunihiko

  Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo

• Torii Tetsuya

  Japan Chemical Analysis Center

• Matsumoto Genki

  Department Of Chemistry College Of Arts And Sciences University Of Tokyo

• Murayama Haruta

  Department Of Chemistry Faculty Of Education Yokohama National University

• Watanuki Kunihiko

  Department Of Chemistory The College Of Arts And Sciences The University Of Tokyo

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