青年の宗教意識に関する日米比較研究

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Purpose : Religious education is shut out at public schools both in Japan and in the U. S. A., and it is done mostly at each home and community. However, in Japan Buddhism coexists together with Shintoism, Christianity and so on, and in many cases Buddhism and Shintoism are put together in individual religiosity. Christianity is overwhelmingly superior in the U. S. A., though it has divided into many denominations now. The purpose of our study is to clarify the developmental differences of religiosity in adolescent under such circumstances in both countries. Method : Religiosity consists of compounds in multi-dimentional religious experience. We thought religiosity to affect behaviors in the following regions according to the careful and theoretical analysis, then a questionnaire was made, which consisted of totally 45 items. A. Religious Belief and Faith 1. General Religious Belief (6 items) 2. Credal Assent (6 items) 3. Religion and Science (5 items) 4. Faith (5 items) 5. Church (6 items) B. Religious Practices 1. Religious Experience (5 items) 2. Religious Acts a. Private Worship (Devotionalism) (5 items) b. Public Worship (Ritual Involvement) (4 items) c. Magic (3 items) The questionnaire was especially considered in the following points. 1. The contents of each statement is in common with Buddhism, Shintoism and Christianity. 2. Both expressions in Japanese and in English are fitted for each life and custom in two countries. Subject included 214 Japanese students (male 111, female 103) and 63 American students (male 21, female 42). We investigated on February, 1983. Results : The items the Japanese adolescent gave a higher point were six ; that is, three items in region A-3 (entirely support to the theory of evolution, opposite to atheism, and the idea of solution to all mysteries by science) and 3 items of magical belief in region B-2c. The items the Japanese and American showed the same tendency are three, that is, the negation to fatalism, the objection to the idea of harmfulness on the theory of evolution in region A, and practicing a grave visit in region B-2b. The Japanese adolescent has a strong magical belief and they don't have a feeling of contradiction in science and religion so much. It was considered to show the low internalization of religious belief in Japanese. Three factors were chosen by factor analysis of region A to the Japanese adolescent, which are "God's relief through belief and temple's relief activity" as the first factor, "religious belief and credal assent" as the second and "the theory of evolution" as the third. In American adolescent four factors were chosen, i. e., the first factor is "God's relief through belief", the second is "approval and reliance toward the power of something transcendent", the third is "the theory of evolution" and the fourth is "religious belief and reliance to church." Then, by factor analysis of region B, "private worship and public worship" as the first factor, "magic" as the second, "religious experience" as the third in Japanese adolescent, and in American "religious acts and religious experience" as the first factor, "magic" as the second, and "punishment by God and awe to the God" as the third, were chosen. In this study sampling was not random, so the results should be considered restrictedly to some extent, but those results were interpreted to be as follows. The Japanese and American adolescent have something in common with each other on religiosity and at the same time they have some eminent differences.
愛知学院大学の論文
1984-08-30

青年の宗教意識に関する日米比較研究

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