環境水の地球科学的研究における水素同位体の役割

概要

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Isotope techniques have found increasingly wide scope of application to the environmental geochemistry of natural waters since 1960. The stable isotope ratio of hydrogen (D/H) varies in natural waters, as dose that of oxygen (18O/16O), due to isotopic separation during evaporation and condensation processes in the hydrologic cycle. The concentration of radioactive hydrogen isotope (tritium) in natural waters increased sharply following the atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs during the 1950s and 1960s. Thermonuclear tritium remaining in natural waters is a good indicator of the presence or absence of recent recharge and water age (residence time). Since deuterium, tritium and oxygen-18 are constituents of water molecules (HDO, HTO and H218O) they serve as unique tracers in environmental geochemistry of natural waters. This paper presents measurement scales and units, techniques, behavior of isotopes within the hydrologic and the application of isotope techniques to the environment in Japan.
富山大学の論文