オーストリアの出生動向と家族政策
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概要
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This paper focuses on the fertility development and family policy in the Republic of Austria, from 1870 to 2000. This is a part of the research project, a comparative study of low fertility and family policy in developed countries (the research grant for Policy Sciences Promotion Project by the Japanese Ministry for Health and Welfare No.10100101). The purpose of this three-year research project is to clarify the trends and determinants of fertility, and the policy responses to low fertility and their effects in developed societies, and to explore the policy implications for Japan. The study will focus on a couple of developed countries each year and compare these countries' studies at the end of the third year to synthesize the results to provide scientific basis for policy proposals. Reviewing the research reports of IFD (Institut fur Demographie in osterreichscher Akademie der Wissenschaft) and BMUJF (Bundesministerium fur Umwelt, Jugend und Familie) and using the statistical data of Council of Europe(CD-ROM : 1999,2000), we analyzed 1) Trends and determinants of attitudes and behaviors regarding fertility and the family, 2) Family policy measures to cope with changes in fertility and the family and their effects. The important findings are : 1. In Austria, like Germany, the social norm for making small families established before World War II shaped the basic trend of the fertility decline after the postwar baby boom and caused the continuous postponement of marriage and the first child bearing. The relatively higher extra-marital births ratio makes some difference with western part of Germany but the only slowly increasing cohabitation indicates the unchanged conservative attitudes for marriage and child bearing. 2. The review of family policies in Austria shows high complexity of continual reforms in this political field, caused by historical lack of constitutional definition on the family. The rich economic support for child bearing in Austria shows no visible effects on fertility trends.
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