大学における体育科教育の在り方 : 過去の歩みと今日的課題

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What is the most important and essential program in general education for the present university students? Newly developed communication media offer excess information to the youth, especially to the college undergraduates. They cannot find, however, the most suitable way for their future life, because they tend to lack a go-ahead spirit. In such social conditions the merits of physical education must be reevaluated, because it is based on the pursuit of the truth of a human society through vigorous physical activities. Since the end of the Second World War physical education has been adopted as a required subject in all colleges and universities. It has been included in the Japanese higher educational system, but only with difficulty. Like other social programs, educational programs have to have a flexibility to conform to social requirements. In this paper a tentative plan is proposed for the practice of physical education as a counterplan to the present one in order to solve some of the current problems. The major objective of this proposed educational program is to foster a balanced human being who can adapt himself to life in the present and future society. Furthermore, this program also intends to develop an active person who has adequate sensitivity and sound judgement. Ample sensitivity, proper judgement and the power to act effectively are indispensable human qualities at any time. From the viewpoint of its functional structure, the human body is divided into three parts : the head, the torso, and the limbs. They are respectively designated as the vitality control part, the vitality sustenance part and vitality demonstration part. Although these parts are organically connected with each other forming one continuous structure, it is necessary to divide the structure into the parts so as to test if they are in a suitable state to take part in the physical education program. In this tentative plan the testing is given an essential position in physical education, and based upon the results, a definite plan is offered to students according to their physical fitness. A program of physical education should be composed of practical teaching, on the athletic field or in the gymnasium, and interpretative teaching of how to acquire physical fitness through physical exercises and physical culture in a lecture room. Physical fitness in a broad sense has two aspects : one is the development of techniques of physical activity and the other is developing techniques for keeping healthy. Active performance techniques include techniques for playing with another person or with groups, without epuipment and also by using equipment. They also include self control techniques in every condition. Health maintenance techniques are made up of physical conditioning, a constitutional balance and control of emotions. It should be borne in mind that learning by experience is the most essential point of physical education. In addition, teaching must not be partial to one educational point of view, but should use teaching materials selected from various cultures. A close connection between daily instructive procedures for trainees and fruits of laboratorial research by physical educators will surely help our physical education curriculum to have an experiential, impressive and useful program today. There are many social problems in contemporary Japan : excess information, environmental pollution, aging society, increase of leisure time and so forth. They require multifarious, and man-oriented activities in daily life. It is a function of physical education to seek solutions for these problems, and the solutions must be shared with the public, especially the neighboring residents of the school. Physical education mediates between community and university through physical activities. In these complicated days the characteristics of the human being, HOMO-LUDENS, must be reconfirmed, and for the full display of man's essential vitality, physical educatio
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大学における体育科教育の在り方 : 過去の歩みと今日的課題

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