<Original Paper>The cellular origin of bone formed in a synthetic biodegradable polymer of polyglycolic acid fiber loaded with chicken osteoblasts

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In the development of skeletal materials by tissue engineering, considerable questions remain as to the extent to which newly formed bone in osteoblast-polymer implants is derived from host or donor cells. To study the origin of bone cells that compose such implants, osteoblasts from calvariae of 16-day-old embryonic chicks were seeded onto a synthetic nonwoven polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh. The cell-polymer constructs were then implanted into the subcutaneous space of immunologically non-reactive athymic nude mice. The constructs were recovered at 11, 18, and 28 days following implantation and prepared for histological and biochemical examinations. Nuclear staining of donor cells and immunoreactivity to an antibody specific for avian osteopontin, an extracellular matrix protein associated with mineralization were used to identify the origin of cells within the developing calcifying implant. Results from these studies suggest that the seeded donor cells were largely responsible for the observed mineralized tissue forming around the periphery of the constructs. These findings demonstrate the survival and localization of the transplanted osteoblasts which induce intramembranous ossification in these cell-polymer constructs.
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