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Human being has made a bypass in the material flow in the Earth by consuming various kinds of mineral and energy resources in order to develop his activities. The environmental problems caused by the consumption indicate that the flux of the bypass has become too large to be neglected when compared with that of the natural flow. It means, accordingly, that resources and the environment are two sides of the same coin. Many mineral resources have been recycled in order to reduce the consumption and keep the environment. In contrast, energy resources, which are used for the recycling in a large quantity, cannot be recycled (Fig. 2). This implies that an appropriate amount of recycled mineral resources seems to be determined by comparing the energy resources used for supplying virgin resources and those for recycling used ones (Fig. 3). In the artificial process of material flow, money migrates contrary to materials between the resources supply and the final consumption, but parallel between consumption and waste-treatment (the upper diagram of Fig. 4). This causes illegal disposal of waste. If a guarantee system is established, money is expected to migrate also contrary to material in this part of the material flow (the lower diagram of Fig. 4). In this system, resources-supply is the most suitable point for collecting deposit tax. Many ideas are proposed for solving the carbon dioxide problem. Any of them has not been evaluated, however, from the viewpoint of the Earths history. For example, a proposal claims that we can fix carbon dioxide in coal beds, but it has not yet shown the place where carbon dioxide generated at coalification process had gone.
社団法人資源・素材学会の論文
2004-12-25

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