長野県北信地域における2009-2010シーズン小児新型インフルエンザ入院症例の臨床的検討

概要

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To elucidate the prevalence of influenza A (H1N1) pdm infection in the Hokushin area in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, we determined the patient number and studied the clinical features of children hospitalized because of influenza A (H1N1)pdm infection. Between August 2009 and March 2010, 169 children with influenza A (H1N1)pdm infection were hospitalized in this area. The rate of hospitalization was 185 per 100,000 children aged 0-14 years. At the time of admission, 82 patients (49 %)were diagnosed with pneumonia or bronchitis, and 31 patients (18%)with bronchial asthma. Oxygen saturation (SpO2)was measured in 160 patients by using a pulse oximeter ; 29 patients (18%)were found to have severe hypoxemia, defined by SpO2＜90%, and 8 of them were immediately transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit of Nagano Children’s Hospital. Oxygen was supplied and steroids were administered to treat hypoxemia in the case of 81(48%)and 63 patients (37%), respectively. Five patients (3%) required mechanical ventilation support, but no patients died. All patients except 4 (98%) were treated with either oseltamivir or zanamivir. Early detection of severe hypoxemia is important in treating patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm infection. Shinshu Med J 59 : 229 ―237, 2011s