Transverse-Mode Properties of [011]-Poled Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 Single Crystals: Effects of Composition, Length Orientation, and Poling Conditions

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The poling responses of [011]-poled Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 [PZN–PT] single crystals of a range of compositions and two length orientations have been investigated. The results show that [011]-poled PZN–PT single crystals of [100]-length-cut exhibit much superior transverse properties than [$01\bar{1}$]-length-cut crystals. Extremely high $d_{31}$ values of $-(3000--4000)$ pC/N and $k_{31}\sim 0.90--0.96$ were obtained for PZN–7%PT optimally [011]-poled crystals. This composition, however, shows degraded dielectric and piezoelectric properties when poled at ${\geq}0.6$ kV/mm. In contrast, PZN–4.5%PT and PZN–6%PT single crystals show no signs of overpoling even when poled up to 2.0 kV/mm, exhibiting $d_{31}\approx-(2700--3200)$ pC/N and $k_{31}\sim 0.90--0.92$ (for PZN–6%PT) and $d_{31}\approx-1500$ pC/N and $k_{31}\sim 0.86--0.90$ (for PZN–4.5%PT), respectively. The presence of certain amounts (i.e., 10–15%) of orthorhombic phase in a rhombohedral matrix has been found to be responsible for the superior transverse piezoelectric properties of optimally [011]-poled PZN–(6–7)%PT.
2007-02-15