Field activities of the "Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abrupt warming in the Arctic" (SIGMA) Project in Greenland in 2011-2013（2011-2013年グリーンランドにおけるSIGMAプロジェクトの野外活動報告）

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概要

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• Field activities of the "Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abrupt warming in the Arctic" (SIGMA) Project in Greenland in the summer season of 2011-2013 are reported;this consists of (1) glaciological and meteorological observations and (2) biological observations.　In 2011, we conducted a field reconnaissance in the Qaanaaq, Ilulissat and Kangerlussuaq areas to enable continuous meteorological observations with automatic weather stations (AWS), campaign observations for glaciology, meteorology and Biology and shallow ice core drilling, which were planned for 2012-2014.　Based on the results, we chose the Qaanaaq area in northwest Greenland as our main activity area and the Kangerlussuaq area in mid-west Greenland partly for biological observations.　In 2012, we conducted field observations for (1) and (2) mentioned above together with installations of two AWSs at site SIGMA-A on The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) and at site SIGMA-B on the Qaanaaq ice cap (QIC) from June to August.　Surface snow and ice over all of the QIC melted in July and August 2012, and most of the Glacier surface appeared to be dark-colored, probably due to mineral dust and glacial microbial products.　In 2013, we carried out similar observations in the Qaanaaq area.　However, the weather and Glacier surface conditions were considerably different from those in 2012.　Snow cover over the summer of 2013 remained over large areas with elevations higher than about 700 m on QIC.　Biological activity on the Glacier surface appears to be substantially lower as compared to that in 2012.

著者

• MATOBA Sumito（的場澄人）

  Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University

• TAKEUCHI Nozomu（竹内望）

  Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University

• AOKI Teruo（青木輝夫）

  Meteorological Research Institute

• UETAKE Jun（植竹淳）

  Meteorological Research Institute

• MOTOYAMA Hideaki（本山秀明）

  National Institute of Polar Research

関連論文

• Field activities of the "Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abrupt warming in the Arctic" (SIGMA) Project in Greenland in 2011-2013（2011-2013年グリーンランドにおけるSIGMAプロジェクトの野外活動報告）
• Light-absorbing snow impurity concentrations measured on Northwest Greenland ice sheet in 2011 and 2012（2011年及び2012年に北西グリーンランド氷床上で観測された光吸収性積雪不純物濃度）
• Application of snow specific surface area measurement using an optical method based on near-infrared reflectance around 900-nm wavelength to wet snow zones in Japan（近赤外領域の反射率を用いた日本の濡れ雪地域の積雪比表面積の測定）
• Effects of temperature and grain type on time variation of snow specific surface area（積雪比表面積の時間変化に及ぼす温度および雪質の影響）
• Dependence of thermal infrared emissive behaviors of snow cover on the surface snow type（雪面の熱赤外射出特性の雪質依存性）
• Glaciological observations in 2012 and 2013 at SIGMA-A site, Northwest Greenland（北西グリーンランド , SIGMA-Aサイトにおける 2012年, 2013年の雪氷調査）
• Evaluation of updated physical snowpack model SMAP（アップデートした積雪変質モデルSMAPの精度評価）
• Mineralogical composition of cryoconite on glaciers in northwest Greenland（グリーンランド北西部の氷河上クリオコナイトの鉱物組成）

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