Light-absorbing snow impurity concentrations measured on Northwest Greenland ice sheet in 2011 and 2012（2011年及び2012年に北西グリーンランド氷床上で観測された光吸収性積雪不純物濃度）
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概要
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Light-absorbing snow impurities of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust have been measured at three locations at elevations from 1,469 to 1,992 m on August 1, 2011, and at the site SIGMA-A (78°N, 68°W, elevation 1,490 m) on the northwest Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) during the period from June 28 to July 12, 2012. At SIGMA-A, a remarkable snow surface lowering together with snow melting was observed during the observation period in 2012, when a record surface melting event occurred over the GrIS. The concentrations in the surface were 0.9, 3.8, and 107 ppbw for EC, OC, and dust, respectively, at the beginning of the period, which increased to 4.9, 17.2, and 1327 ppbw for EC, OC, and dust, respectively, at the end. The EC and dust concentrations were remarkably higher than those at the three locations in 2011 and the recent measurements at Summit. However, our measurements for EC and OC could be underestimated because a recent study indicates that the collection efficiency of a quartz fiber filter, which we employed, is low. We confirm that the snow surface impurity concentrations were enhanced in the observation period, which can be explained by the effects of sublimation/evaporation and snow melt amplification associated with drastic melting. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of surface snow impurities on July 12 revealed that the major component of snow impurities is mineral dust with size larger than 5 μm, which suggests possible emission source areas are peripheral bare soil regions of Greenland and/or the Canadian Arctic.
著者
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MATOBA Sumito（的場澄人）
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University
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HORI Masahiro（堀雅裕）
Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
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AOKI Teruo（青木輝夫）
Meteorological Research Institute
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TANIKAWA Tomonori（谷川朋範）
Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
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KUCHIKI Katsuyuki（朽木勝幸）
Meteorological Research Institute
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NIWANO Masashi（庭野匡思）
Meteorological Research Institute
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YAMAGUCHI Satoru（山口悟）
Snow and Ice Research Center, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
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UETAKE Jun（植竹淳）
Meteorological Research Institute
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MOTOYAMA Hideaki（本山秀明）
National Institute of Polar Research
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ADACHI Kouji（足立光司）
Meteorological Research Institute
関連論文
- Field activities of the "Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abrupt warming in the Arctic" (SIGMA) Project in Greenland in 2011-2013（2011-2013年グリーンランドにおけるSIGMAプロジェクトの野外活動報告）
- Light-absorbing snow impurity concentrations measured on Northwest Greenland ice sheet in 2011 and 2012（2011年及び2012年に北西グリーンランド氷床上で観測された光吸収性積雪不純物濃度）
- Application of snow specific surface area measurement using an optical method based on near-infrared reflectance around 900-nm wavelength to wet snow zones in Japan（近赤外領域の反射率を用いた日本の濡れ雪地域の積雪比表面積の測定）
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- Dependence of thermal infrared emissive behaviors of snow cover on the surface snow type（雪面の熱赤外射出特性の雪質依存性）
- Glaciological observations in 2012 and 2013 at SIGMA-A site, Northwest Greenland（北西グリーンランド , SIGMA-Aサイトにおける 2012年, 2013年の雪氷調査）
- Evaluation of updated physical snowpack model SMAP（アップデートした積雪変質モデルSMAPの精度評価）