Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants as Influenced by Nutrient Application Rates with Quantitative Control in Closed Rockwool Cultivation
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概要
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We compared the effects of quantitative control in closed system versus electrical conductivity (EC)-based control in open system of nutrients on the growth and yield of tomatoes in rockwool cultivation. Quantitative control supplied all nutrients once a day based on criteria for three application rates (1.0 ×, 1.25 ×, and 1.5 × the standard). These criteria were previously developed in the deep flow technique (DFT) to estimate their nutrient requirements, which used the three-day average amount of water absorbed by tomato plants. We compared the quantitative control in a closed system with two EC treatments in an open system, in which we supplied nutrient solution at high and low EC ranges. The 1.0 × quantity standard reduced the nutrient supply to 30–37% of the levels used in the low-EC treatment. N, P, and K concentrations in the 1.0 × substrate solution remained low and stable for two months after transplanting. The 1.0 × treatment had 27% lower total leaf dry weight and 23% higher total fruit yield than the low-EC treatment. However, greatly reduced growth and nitrogen content of upper leaf and slightly lower soluble solids content in the fruits suggest that the 1.0 × standard might provide insufficient nutrients during late growth stages. Excessive nutrient supplies, which were much lower than the low-EC treatment, increased substrate salinity owing to the accumulation of nutrients during the latter half of the growth period in the 1.25 × and 1.5 × treatments. The stable EC and nutrient concentrations in the 1.0 × substrate solution over time suggest that the three-day adjustment interval would be short enough. The quantity criteria developed for the DFT system could generally be applied to long-term rockwool culture, but the optimum range of nutrient supply was found to be from 1.0 × to 1.25 × the DFT standard in the later growth stages.
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園芸学会 | 論文
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