Germination Behavior of Seeds of African Species of the Genus Dioscorea(Yams).
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概要
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The species in the genus <I>Dioscorea</I>, a group of monocotyledonous perennials, grow mainly at the margin of forests in the humid tropics and some members are cultivated around their native growing zones as yams. To obtain information on the germination behavior of African <I>Dioscorea</I>, the conditions for seed germination of six species collected in Nigeria were tested at temperatures ranging from 10 to 35°C. The species studied were <I>Dioscorea abyssinica, D. bulbifera, D. dumetorum, D. preusii, D. schimperiana, D. togoensis</I>. Seeds of all the species displayed rapid germination at temperatures around 26°C and also exhibited high-temperature inhibition of the germination. The lowest temperature for germination was 20°C in all the species. The highest temperature at which germination occurred differed among the species. Almost all the ungerminated seeds incubated at 32 and 35°C germinated rapidly after transfer to 26°C. This rapid recovery of germination, also observed in the temperate European and tropical Asian species of Dioscoreaceae, indicates that high temperatures such as 32 or 35°C do not induce the secondary dormancy which has been observed in temperate Asian species.<BR>Naked embryos isolated from the African <I>Dioscorea</I> seeds germinated rapidly even at higher temperatures than those at which intact seeds germinate. The germination behavior of the intact seeds is considered to be controlled by other seed parts than embryo. After the germination, a callus was formed on a part of the naked embryo when it was incubated at temperatures above 29°C.<BR>Information on the seed germination of tested species may contribute to the improvement of cultivation and breeding of these species.
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