Effects of Watering on Growth, Yield, Essential Oil Concentration and Evapotranspiration of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).
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概要
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Pots with a plugged drainage hole were used containing dry, fertilized volcanic ash soil and bark compost in the volume ratio of 2: 1 (4 kg in total) . A sweet basil seedling was transplanted to each pot. The four watering plots were arranged during growing period, May 22 (4 true-leaves stage) -June 13 (flowering stage), 1987 under a non-heated glasshouse. Waterings were made when soil moisture potential in pots reached to pF 1.8, 2.5, 3.5 respectively, to bring them back to pF 1.5, and also added was a plot which soil moisture potential was constantly kept at pF 1.5. Watering amount was estimated referring to daily evapotranspiration amount per pot and pF-soil moisture curve.<BR>The higher a pF value at which watering was made, the less was the watering frequency, and the more was the necessary watering amount at one time. Total watering amount during growing period of pF 1.5, 1.8, 2.5 and 3.5 plot was 218, 206, 170 and 136 mm, respectively.<BR>The higher a pF value at which watering was made, the less was the daily mean of evapotranspiration amount during growing period. They were in the range of 6.5 mm (pF 3.5) and 9.6 mm (pF 1.5) .<BR>Evapotranspiration amount was closely correlated with pan evaporation or solar radiation during growing period, and had no correlations with air temperature, soil temperature or relative humidity in the latter half of growing period.<BR>In comparison of growth and yield of sweet basil among pF plots, the following tendency was found: pF 1.8 ≥ pF 1.5, pF 2.5>pF 3.5. The ratio of plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, fresh and dry weight of the top at pF3.5 plot to those at pF 1.8 plot was 87, 81, 77, 64 and 71%, respectively.<BR>The essential oil concentration in leaves was higher at pF 2.5 plot than at other plots.
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