Two Aspects of Cassava:A second aspect which appears in the cultivation in Thailand
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概要
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Cassava is a crop grown in the tropics for its huge tuberous roots which are utilized for food and for starch. This crop is a very vigorous shrub which is grown successfully in a climate of high temperature and humidity. In addition, cassava has a starch productivity much higher than that of other starch crops. Because of these characteristics this crop is distributed all over the tropical region.<BR>A second aspect, which should not be overlooked, is that this crop has a xerophilous characteristic morphologically and physiologically. The author has observed that cuttings of cassava took roo even when planted a month after being cut. According to an observation by Sakurai, many active roots were distributed at a layer 3.5 meter deep, while dense distribution was found in ploughed soil layer. These facts indicate clearly the great drought resistance of cassava.<BR>In upland fields in central and northeastern parts of Thailand, crops often suffer from severe drought injury during the dry season which extends from November to March. Sugar cane which has grown vigorously is often damaged so completely as to yield no crop because of drought during this season. Cassava is, on the contrary, a much less sensitive crop to drought, as shown by the damage rate (damaged area as percent of planted area) reported in Thailand, which for rice was 9.15%, corn 11.14%, sugar cane 8.75%, soybean 10.23%, mung bean 2.12%, sesame 6.67% and cassava 0.76%.<BR>Cane production policy in Thailand was changed about 15 years ago from a policy of production for domestic use only to a policy encouraging increased production. Although this proved successful for a short time, because of the worldwide depreciation in the price of sugar, cane production returned to its previous level. The cane industry in other countries also suffered similarly. However, the industry in Thailand was hit much harder than it was in other countries because the farmers in Thailand gave up the production in earlier stages of difficulty. One of the reasons why they gave up the cultivation so early lies in the fact that they had a crop, cassava. This crop can be grown very easily and is less sensitive to drought; furthermore, the products of cassava, cassava roots and cassava meal, were receiving attention owing to the increase of exports in those days.<BR>In conclusion, the following fact should be kept in mind c besides the aspects which are observed in a certain environmental condition, crops have other latent aspects which will be brought out under other environmental conditions.
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