Soil Carbon Budget in Peach Orchard Ecosystem in Japan

概要

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We studied the soil carbon budget in a peach orchard in the Kofu basin, central Japan, from September 1999 to August 2000. Soil respiration rate (Rs) was measured monthly using the dynamic closed chamber method and annual carbon emission from the soil was estimated using the exponential relationship between the soil surface temperature and the measured Rs. The amounts of litter from peach trees and floor vegetations, applied fertilizer and manure, and paper bags for fruits that fell on the ground were estimated to evaluate carbon supply to the soil. The total carbon emission and the heterotrophic carbon emission were estimated to be 1065 g Cm-2y-1 and 565g Cm-2y-1, respectively. The total carbon supply was 1136 g Cm-2y-1 (litter from floor vegetation 56 %; fertilizer and paper bags 23 %; and litter from peach tree 21 %). It was characterized that carbon from floor vegetation is the largest input to the soil in the orchard. The soil carbon budget in the orchard was positive (571 g Cm-2y-1);hence, it is suggested that the soil acts as a carbon sink. We determined three types of soil carbon budget in agro-ecosystems: negatively balanced in upland crop fields as source ecosystem for carbon, nearly balanced or equilibrated in paddy fields and mulberry fields, and positively balanced in orchards as a sink ecosystem for carbon .
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