The Development of Professor Shinmei's Action Theory
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概要
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Professor Masamichi Shinmei developed a theory of synthetic sociology in which action theory plays a central role. His main object in the use of the concept of "action" has to do with the dynamic process of social phenomena, and it involves the meaning of individuality of actors, and also it involves the concept of form and content of social phenomena. <BR>After the Second World War, in the United States, many sociologists took the action approach. The main scholar of this approach was Talcott Parsons. This trend in American sociology affected Japanese sociologist, especially professor Shinmei who thought that the action approach in the U.S. was similar to his own action theory, and so he had a strong interest in it. He studied the action approach in the U.S. and criticized it. The main focus of his criticism turned on T. Parsons. <BR>Professor Shinmei's main criticism was as follows. <BR>First of all, the action approach required people who should have actor's individuality and creativity, but Parsons' theory denied these characteristics. <BR>Secondly, the original functional approach was formed to oppose the theory of social organism and this approach took a serious view of "function", but not "structure". But it seemed to Professor Shinmei that Parsons' functional theory went back to the old theory of social organism. <BR>Thirdly, Parsons said in his book that he could synthesize Weber's theory and Durkheim theory. But Professor Shinmei thought these two theories were quite different and impossible to be synthesized.
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