Proximate Compositions and Vitamin D<SUB>2</SUB> Contents of the Cultivated Mushrooms of <I>Tricholornataceae</I>
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概要
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Among the cultivated mushrooms of <I>Tricholomataceae</I>, Enokitake (<I>Flammulinavelutipes</I>), Hatakeshimeji (<I>Lyophyllum decastes</I>) and Nioushimeji (<I>Tricholoma giganteurn</I>), the proximate compositions, minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and ergosterol contents were analyzed.Mushrooms are considered to be a good source of vitamin D<SUB>2</SUB>; therefore the determinations of vitamin D<SUB>2</SUB> and studies of the effects of solar irradiation on the amounts of vitamin D<SUB>2</SUB> and the quality of the mushrooms were conducted. The results were as follows.<BR>The proximate compositions, minerals and dietary fiber of these mushrooms closely agreed with previous reports. However, the vitamin B<SUB>1</SUB> and B<SUB>2</SUB> contents were slightly lower. The result of the vitamin D<SUB>2</SUB> analysis showed that fresh mushrooms were found not to contain vitamin D2that differed from the Standard Table of Food Composition in Japan-VITAMIND-and the Standard Table of Food Composition in Japan, Fifth Revised Edition-shinkishokuhinhen-. However a remarkable production of vitamin D<SUB>2</SUB> was observed due to solar radiation. The maximum values of vitamin D<SUB>2</SUB> were observed in mushrooms irradiated for 1hour. This amount of solar radiation had no bad effects on the mushroom's quality.<BR>These mushrooms contained high levels of alkali acid-soluble polysaccharides, followed by formic acid-soluble polysaccharides and then hot alkali-soluble polysaccharides. The alkali-soluble acid-insoluble polysaccharides and acetic acid-solublepolysaccharides were found at low levels.<BR>Prosky modification I showed the lowest value followed by the chitin corrected method. Prosky modification II resulted in the highest values. These three methods gave significantly different values.<BR>In Enokitake, the contents of the linolenic and linoleic acids were specifically high. Hatakeshimeji and Nioushimeji contained high levels of linoleic and palmitic acids. The ergosterol contents were 216, 124 and 258mg/100g dry matter in Enokitake, Hatakeshimeji and Nioushimeji respectively.
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