Structure of Pozzo di San Patrizio and its Historical Background
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概要
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It is a fascinating subject in both fields of hydrology and history to study the origin and the subsequent development of wells. Little investigation, however, has been done into that subject. If the characteristics of ancient wells in the world are clarified, it will gratefully contribute to understanding the history of groundwater use From this point of view, the auther has been investigating groundwater facilities and methods of withdrawal in the Middle and Near East, Africa, Europe, etc.<BR>The purpose of this study is to present the historical background and the characteristics of Pozzo di San Patrizio, or St. Patrick Well, on the site of an ancient castle in Orvieto city in Italy, as a part of those investigations.<BR>Pozzo di San Patrizio was named after a cavern in Ireland where St. Patrick used to be lost in contemplation. The construction of the well was started by Antonio da Sangallo in 1527, who was entrusted the work by Pope Clement VII.<BR>Geological conditions around the well are as follows. The formation consists of weathered soil (regosols) for the top, volcanic tuff (tufa) for the middle and submarine sediment (pliocene) for the bottom. Of the last, the clay forms aquicludes and the sand forms groundwater aquifers. Because of those geological conditions, it was easy to dig a hole for the well with a chisel or an ax, but a lot of bricks were used for reinforcement and it is said that many people were mobilized for carting the bricks.<BR>The well, an architecture of Baroque style, has double spiral staircases with 248 steps respectively around its pit, which keep both a descending person and an ascending one from bumping against each other. There are dormer windows made on the boundery wall between the staircases and the pit in order that the steps can be lighten up by the sunlight coming through them.<BR>A few years after the construction was completed in 1537, the well got a great fame because of its unusual and complicated structure and has maintained its popularily with the visitors.
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- Structure of Pozzo di San Patrizio and its Historical Background