TGF-β1 Level and the Outcome after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

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Introduction: The TGF-β1 was associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the basic study. However, the clinical implication is lacking. Methods: Two hundred patients with drug-refractory AF (paroxysmal AF, n=154, Non-paroxysmal AF, n=46) who were referred for the catheter ablation were recruited. The TGF-β1 level was determined by ELISA, and correlated to the outcome after catheter ablation. Results: In the patients with paroxysmal AF, TGF-β1 level was not associated with the outcome after catheter ablation. In the patients with non-paroxysmal AF, high TGF-β1 level was associated with higher recurrence rate. After the multivariate cox regression analysis, TGF-β1 level and left atrial diameter were the independent predictors. The TGF-β1 level has no correlation with different left atrial diameters, which implied those parameters were independent. In addition to left atrial diameter, TGF-β level could further improve the predictive value of recurrence in the patients with non-paroxysmal AF. Conclusions: TGF-β1 level was associated with the recurrence after catheter ablation in the patients with non-paroxysmal AF.